Ace HOSA Dental Terms Quiz 2026 – Drill Your Way to Dentistry Success!

An abscess is characterized by the presence of localized infection, which leads to three main features: fluid accumulation, pain and swelling, and sometimes hardening of the surrounding tissue due to inflammation.

Fluid accumulation is the most defining characteristic, as abscesses are typically filled with pus, which results from the body's immune response to infection. The accumulation of fluid creates a pocket that can put pressure on adjacent tissues, causing pain.

Pain and swelling are also significant indicators of an abscess. The infection triggers an inflammatory response, leading to redness, warmth, and increased sensitivity in the affected area. This discomfort is a body's way of indicating that something is wrong and often prompts individuals to seek medical attention.

Finally, hardening of tissue can occur as an abscess develops and the surrounding tissue reacts to the infection and inflammation. This reaction can lead to a firmer feeling in the affected area.

Thus, the comprehensive nature of an abscess is reflected in all the characteristics: fluid accumulation, pain and swelling, along with possible hardening of tissue, making "all of the above" the most accurate choice.